Order
of Precedence in England and Wales
http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/order_precedence.htm
Contents
· Women
· Men
· Women
Introduction
This page is essentially based on D. G. Squibb, Order of Precedence
in England and Wales. 1981: Oxford, Clarendon Press. See also the essay
on Precedence by Charles Mosley, in the 106th ed. of Burke's Peerage and
Baronetage.
Precedence dictates the order in
which men and women arrive, leave, march, are seated, announced, or greeted in
official functions, ceremonies, receptions, dinners, documents. Certain
categories of people are assigned precedence, either by reason of their person
(who they are: members of the royal family, peers, knights) or what office they
hold (officers of state, judges). Most people are not ranked in any way. There
is a "general" order of precedence, and there are special orders for
particular occasions.
Most members of the royal family
have a place in the order of precedence. However, that place is not based on
the order of succession to the throne. Thus, the Duke of Edinburgh precedes his
son the Prince of Wales (except in Parliament), and the brothers of the Prince
of Wales precede his sons.
The rules governing precedence
are based on custom (usually codified or embodied in documents emanating from
the king or the Earl Marshal) and on statutes.
Precedence existed in pre-Conquest times; an Anglo-Saxon document
states that "in the laws of the English, people and law went by ranks.” The
Conquest presumably resulted in the introduction of precedence as it was
practiced at the court of Normandy, just as titles and offices were imported by
the victors.
Evidence on precedence before
1399 comes from witness lists in diplomas and charters, as (starting around
1100) from salutations in royal charters, and later in statutes. It appears
that the order was roughly as follows: the king and his family (sons),
archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, justices, sheriffs, reeves
and bailiffs.
There does not seem to have been much consistency in the ranking
of persons within categories, however.
The oldest written order of precedence dates from
1399, and was probably drawn for the coronation of Henry IV. Other important
documents date from 1429, 1466-7, 1487, and 1520. These documents are either
anonymous (1399), or issued by the Constable of England (1429, 1466-7), High
Steward (1487), Lord Chamberlain (1520). They represent the state of law and
custom as perceived at the time, rather than prescriptive or legislative
dispositions. However, the Order
of 1520 was held in high regard, and was adopted by the commissioners for
executing the office of Earl Marshal in 1595 when they were asked by Elizabeth
I to inquire into place and precedence. "It can be fairly described as the
basis of the modern system of precedence, which has been produced by making
legislative additions to it" (p. 17).
From the time of the
Conquest, lay precedence originated in the King as fount of honor, while
ecclesiastical precedence was governed by canon law, the law of the Church. In
principle, therefore, there were separate orders of precedence for lay and
clerics. On some occasions, attempts were made to meld the two, but the results
were not consistent from one time to the next. The Reformation brought about a
major change in this respect, placing the King as the sole source of precedence
both for lay and clerics. This was done by the House
of Lords Precedence Act (1539), which, although deciding only the seats to
be occupied in Parliament, and keeping lay and clerics separate, nevertheless
affirmed a non-papal source of precedence for ecclesiastics.
Then, in 1595, Elizabeth I
decided to solve some difficulties of precedence by commissioning the Lord High
Treasurer, the Lord High Admiral and the Lord Chamberlain to inquire into the
matter, calling on heralds and researching ancient documents. The commissioners
ended up copying the Order of 1520, with a minor amendment, and presented it in
the form of an ordinance
dated 16 Jan 1595. "The Commissioners' ordinance is the basis of the
present law of precedence" (p. 25). The present system results from
successive additions and modifications of the ordinance of 1595, with
attribution of precedence always defined in relation to existing precedence.
General principles
How Precedence is defined
The House
of Lords Precedence Act 1539 (31 Hen VIII c. 10; see the Statutes
at Large, Pickering edition (vol 4 p. 452) for an earlier version) and the Ordinance
of 1595, both of which were to a large extent codifying current practice, form
the canvass of the order of precedence. Everyone's place in the order of
precedence is defined by reference to this initial list.
Here is the order of precedence defined by the
Ordinance of 1595 (the
original text is below). Ranks between parentheses are not actually cited
in the Ordinance.
|
Men
|
Women
|
|
dukes by creation
|
duchesses
|
|
marquesses by creation
|
marquesses
|
|
dukes' eldest sons
|
wives of dukes' eldest sons
|
|
|
daughters of dukes
|
|
earls by creation
|
countesses
|
|
marquesses' eldest sons
|
wives of marquesses' eldest
sons
|
|
|
daughters of marquesses
|
|
dukes' younger sons
|
wives of dukes' younger sons
|
|
viscounts by creation
|
viscountesses
|
|
earls' eldest sons
|
wives of earls' eldest sons
|
|
|
daughters of earls
|
|
barons by creation
|
baronesses
|
|
marquesses' younger sons
|
wives of marquesses' younger
sons
|
|
viscounts' eldest sons
|
wives of viscounts' eldest sons
|
|
|
daughters of viscounts
|
|
earls' younger sons
|
wives of earls' younger sons
|
|
barons' eldest sons
|
(wives of barons' eldest sons)
|
|
|
daughters of barons
|
|
knights banneret
|
wives of knights banneret
|
|
viscounts' younger sons
|
wives of viscounts' younger
sons
|
|
barons' younger sons
|
|
|
knights bachelor
|
wives of knights bachelor
|
|
(knights' eldest sons)
|
(wives of knights' eldest sons)
|
|
(knights' younger sons)
|
(wives of knights' younger
sons)
|
The logic of the order is apparent:
- The basic structure is the ranking of peers and knights:
dukes, marquesses, earls, viscounts, barons, knights’ banneret, knights’ bachelor. - Eldest sons of rank N go right after rank N-1.
- Younger sons of rank N go right after eldest sons of rank N-1.
- Wives mirror the rankings of their husbands.
- Daughters of rank N are placed right after wives of eldest sons of rank N.
The exception is that barons'
eldest sons rank above knights banneret (when they should rank below by this
algorithm).
Over time, various categories
were inserted at various points in this ordering. Knights of the Garter,
Thistle, St. Patrick come right after eldest sons of barons, thus taking the
place of the obsolete knights banneret. Baronets rank a little lower, after
younger sons of barons, but their eldest sons come after knights bachelor, and
their younger sons after eldest sons of knights, while knights grand cross and
knights commanders of various orders come right after baronets. Other grades of
modern orders (RVO, OBE, etc) have been inserted in various places by the
statutes of those orders.
General and
special orders of precedence
The general order of precedence is the one that applies under most
circumstances. There are other special orders, such as during ceremonies of the
Order of the Garter (knights are ranked by investiture irrespective of
peerage), or in certain judiciary ceremonies. There are local orders of
precedence in which local officials are assigned particular rank.
In Parliament (at least before
the House of Lords Act 1999), precedence was determined by the Roll of
Parliament, drawn each year until 1966 by Garter King of Arms, and since then
by the Clerk of Parliament with Garter's advice. The Roll is printed at the
head of the Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) for each session. The Roll
lists all members of the House of Lords (members of the House of Commons have
no precedence, although their Speaker does since 1919). The House of Lords Precedence Act 1539 is the basis for that roll,
and some provisions of the act make clear that the order in Parliament is not
the same as the order outside. Thus, order on the Roll is not necessarily
conclusive evidence about order outside Parliament.
For instance, the duke of
Edinburgh was always ranked as a duke of the United Kingdom created in 1948,
and thus ranked 32 on the roll of 1998, while in the general order of
precedence he immediately follows the Queen and precedes his son. That is
because his precedence assigned by warrant of 1952 is "unless provided
otherwise by Act of Parliament". Interestingly, the duke of Windsor ranked
3d after Gloucester and Kent from 1937 to 1941, but became 2d before Kent after
the death of the first duke of Kent in 1942. He was thus ranked after his
brothers among sovereign's brothers, but came before a sovereign's nephew.
The Great Officers of State do
not have the same rank in and out of Parliament. In Parliament, their office
confers upon them precedence before the other peers of their own rank, but not
before peers of higher rank. Outside Parliament, their place does not depend on
their peerage.
Royal dukes who are not grandsons
of sovereigns are ranked among ordinary dukes in Parliament (see "HRH the
duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale" ranked 25th between the duke of
Northumberland and the duke of Wellington in the Roll of Parliament of 1918, or
the 2nd duke of Connaught who ranked 28th in 1942 when his grandfather had
ranked 4th in 1941). But their place in the general order of precedence is
clearly defined in the 16th century orders that form the basis for modern
precedence.
I am not sure what is the effect
of the House of Lords Act. The Roll of Parliament is now called a "list of
Members of the House," and is purely alphabetical, all non-sitting peers
having been removed. But the House of Lords Precedence Act has not been
repealed, as far as I know.
Tables v. Orders of precedence
A table of precedence is a list of persons established by application
of the laws of precedence. It is not equivalent to the laws of precedence, and
contains less information. No single table of precedence can be regarded as
authoritative.
Tables appear as early as the
15th c. In the 17th c., numerous attempts at producing a table resulted in
somewhat conflicting results. Joseph Edmondson, Mowbray Herald, produced a
table in the 1760s, attempting to cite authority for each rank. Sir William
Blackstone included a similar table in the 5th edition of his Commentaries
on the Laws of England (1773). Blackstone's table is the ancestor of the
table in Burke's Peerage and various other publications (such as Dod's
and Kelly's Handbook), although each work updated the table
independently of the others. The best table is that of Sir Charles Young,
Garter King of Arms (Order of Precedence with Authorities and Remarks,
1851), an "impeccable statement of the law as it was in 1851”. Squibb
based his own updated table on Young's work.
Squibb drew up a table
of precedence for his book, based on the rules he had found.
Disputes over precedence
Coke, in his Institutes, wrote that cases of precedence other
than between lords of Parliament belonged before the Court of Chivalry (1648). This
opinion was also expressed in Ashton v. Jennings (1674), by Sir Matthew Hale
(1713) and Blackstone in his Commentaries. The problem is that there are
no known cases of precedence having come before the Court of Chivalry. Various
cases of precedence were decided by the Earl Marshal in the 16th c. and early
17th c., but at a time when a properly constituted Court of Chivalry did not
exist (between 1521, when the office of Lord High Constable became vacant,
until 1622, it was thought that only the Constable could preside the court).
In practice, it appears that
cases of precedence, other than between lords of Parliament, have been resolved
by the king, either directly, or refering the matter to the Earl Marshal or to
commissioners for executing his office. This is perfectly logical, since
precedence originates in the king's exercise of his royal prerogative, and
disputes over precedence are resolved not in a judicial manner, but by having
the sovereign make his will explicit (of course, the sovereign may choose to
use quasi-judicial proceedings in order to form an opinion). Cases arising
between lords of Parliament have been referred since the 15th c. to the House
of Lords.
Finally, some precedence has its
source in statutes (such as the House of Lords Precedence Act of 1539), and
disputes over precedence that arises from statute would have to be decided by
common-law judges, according to Coke. But no such case is known to have ever
arisen.
The ranks can be distinguished depending on whether they pertain to a
person or to an office.
Personal precedence
Sovereign
The sovereign heads the order of precedence as successors to the
pre-Reformation kings for the temporal part, and as successors to the papacy
(Act of Supremacy 1558). A queen regnant has the same prerogatives as a king
(Queen Regent's Prerogative Act 1554).
Regent
The duke of Somerset, as Protector of the Realm under Edward VI, was
given precedence next to the king by letters patent.
Consort
- Philip of Spain:
He was jointly king (articles of marriage)
- William of Orange:
He was king as William III (Bill of Rights)
- Prince George of Denmark:
He was given precedence as "the first
nobleman of England" by his act of naturalization of 1688.
- Prince Leopold (husband of Charlotte, only daughter of George IV):
A statute of 1816 gave the Prince Regent authority
to assign precedence to his son-in-law Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, which he did by
warrant of 3 May 1816 (immediately after the sons of the King's brothers and
sisters).
- Prince Albert:
When Queen Victoria married Albert of
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha a bill in Parliament assigning him precedence next after the
queen was defeated. His precedence was assigned by warrant of 4 Mar 1840
"except where otherwise provided by Act of Parliament.”
- Duke of Edinburgh:
The warrant of 15 Sep 1952 assigns him precedence
after the Queen "except where otherwise provided by Act of
Parliament" (e.g., his place on the Parliament Roll is assigned by the
date of creation of his peerage, namely 1948, the last of all dukes)
Male Members of the Royal Family
The traditional order is:
- Sovereign's sons (Precedence Act 1539)
- Sovereign's grandsons (settled practice since a warrant of 13 Dec 1726 placing the dukes of Edinburgh and Cumberland before the duke of York)
- Sovereign's brothers (Precedence Act 1539)
- Sovereign's uncles (Precedence Act 1539)
- Sovereign's nephews (in male or female line; Precedence Act 1539: "or the King's brothers' or sisters' sons")
- grandsons of former sovereigns who are dukes (since 1850 when the duke of Cambridge was placed before the archbishop of Canterbury)
- grandsons of former sovereigns who are not dukes (HRH and Prince of GB by letters patent, 30 Oct 1917; precedence by custom)
Within each class, siblings are arranged by order of birth and
otherwise individuals are arranged by order of succession to the throne (e.g.,
among grandsons and nephews).
Peers
Earls came before barons from the earliest days. The first non-royal
duke was created in 1397, but a statute of 1382 already lists dukes before
earls and barons. Marquesses came before earls almost as soon as they were
first created (1386), as viscounts did after earls (1440) although their
position with respect to eldest sons of earls was not resolved until 1520. Lords
of appeal in ordinary have precedence as if they were barons (Appellate
Jurisdiction Act 1876) as do life peers (Life Peerages Act 1958). There is no
distinction made within the rank of baron between hereditary barons, lords of
appeal and life peers.
The king's ability to alter the
precedence within a rank of the peerage was effectively curtailed by the House
of Lords Precedence Act 1539, which states that peers should sit after their
"ancienty" (i.e. the date of creation of the peerage). Attempts by
James I and Charles I to assign higher precedence than normal to newly created
peers met with opposition in the House of Lords, and no sovereign has attempted
to do so since.
The relative precedence of peers
of England, Scotland, Ireland and the United Kingdom is determined by the Act
of Union 1706 (art. 23) and the Act of Union 1800 (art. 4).
Children and Grandchildren of Peers
Children of peers were given precedence as early as the 14th c., with
differences made between eldest and younger sons. The ordering has been
basically unchanged since 1399, although the position of sons of viscounts was
altered in 1595. All sons of peers rank above knights bachelor. A peer who
disclaims loses his precedence, as does his wife, but his children do not. If a
peer's eldest son dies, his eldest son inherits his precedence. Grandchildren
of peers were first assigned precedence in the 17th c.
Children of lords of appeal or
life peers have no statutory precedence, since their parent's rank is not
hereditary. Their ranks are set by a royal warrant of 21 Jul 1958.
Baronets
The creation of the new rank of baronet in 1611 occasioned considerable
controversy. James I had to settle the matter with letters patent of 28 May
1612 (which incidentally set the precedence of a number of officials). Originally,
the precedence of baronets was set in each letters patent of creation. Thereafter,
the letters patent of creation repeated the wording of the decree of 1612, and
later still just referred to the customary precedences and advantages. The
letters patent of creation also set the precedence of the sons of the baronet. James
I made a promise never to create any other "degree, order, name, title,
rank, dignity or state" between the lords of Parliament and the baronets.
While the Acts of Union of 1706
and 1800 set the precedence between the peerages of England, Scotland, Great
Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, they are silent on the matter of
baronets. It is therefore assumed that the precedence is set by the date of
creation only (rule followed by the Registrars of the Baronetage appointed
under a royal warrant of 8 Feb 1910 to keep a roll of the baronetage).
Knights
The order in medieval times was knights of the Garter, knights of the
Bath, knights bannerets and knights bachelors. For the modern orders,
precedence is defined in the statutes of the order. The statutes often refer to
each other in defining relative precedence, resulting in one bizarre case of
circularity: the women members of the Royal Victorian Order are given
precedence immediately before women members of the corresponding classes of the
Order of the British Empire, while the women members of the Order of the
British Empire are given by that order's statutes precedence immediately after
women members of the corresponding classes of the Royal Victorian Order!
The enlargement of the Order of
the Bath in 1815 introduced classes of members who were not knights. They were
given precedence before all esquires of the United Kingdom, which has been
taken to mean those esquires who do not have precedence higher than knights
(such as sons of peers). The other orders with such classes of members (Star of
India, St. Michael and St. George, Indian Empire, Distinguished Service Order,
Royal Victorian Order, British Empire)
Esquires
Esquires form an ill-defined category. The only esquires to have a firm
place in the order of precedence are sons of peers, who come before knights’
bachelor, and sons of baronets and knights, who come after them. Below younger
sons of knight’s bachelor there is no lawful authority for any order of
precedence, although attempts have been made.
Official precedence
Great Officers of State
Their precedence, in Parliament
and outside Parliament, is set by the House of Lords Precedence Act 1539.
In Parliament:
- if peers, the Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, Lord President of the Council and Lord Privy Seal precede all dukes except the sovereign's sons, brothers, uncles, nephews. (s.4)
If not peers, they should "sit at the uppermost parts of the sacks in the Parliament Chamber.” (s.8)
- the Lord Great Chamberlain, the Lord High Constable, the Earl Marshal, the Lord High Admiral, the Lord Steward of the Household and the Lord Chamberlain are placed after the Lord Privy Seal and "above all other personages of the same estates and degrees as they shall happen to be". (s.5)
This means that, if the Lord Steward is a viscount, he precedes all viscounts; but he does not precede the Lord Chamberlain if the latter is an earl or above.
In 1714 the Lord Great Chamberlain, who was a marquess, was made duke of Ancaster; but his precedence remained that of his creation except when in the actual execution of his office, lest he always precede the duke of Norfolk (Earl Marshal). This provision expired when the dukedom of Ancaster became extinct in 1779, but the provision was erroneously repeated in Burke's Peerage ever since.
Outside
Parliament:
- the order of precedence is: Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, Lord President of the Council, Lord Privy Seal, Lord Great Chamberlain, the Lord High Constable, the Earl Marshal, the Lord High Admiral, the Lord Steward of the Household, the Lord Chamberlain (independently of whether they are peers or not). (s.10)
The Master of the Horse is placed "next after" the Lord
Chamberlain, but the latter's position depends on his peerage. If the Master of
the Horse has a higher peerage, he keeps his position; if he has an equal or
lower peerage, he precedes all other peers of the Chamberlain's rank.
The other main categories of
officials are bishops and judges.
Precedence for women remains separate from
precedence for men, although the increasing number of women holding offices
listed in the order of precedence for men makes this increasingly untenable.
Women
traditionally derive their precedence from three sources:
- the personal precedence of their father
- the personal precedence of their husband
- their membership in an order, or their official position (maids of honor, warrant 29 Oct 1912)
Married women are ranked between themselves as
their husbands are, and daughters have the same rank as their eldest brothers
(after their eldest brother's wives but before their younger brothers' wives).
In principle, women do not lose their precedence upon death of the
husband or divorce (Cowley (Earl) v. Cowley (Countess), [1901] A.C.
450). A widow or divorcee of a peer retains her precedence until
remarriage. For non-peer precedence, it seems that the widowed or divorced wife
retains it even after remarriage. The wife of a peer who disclaimed loses her
precedence, but not his daughters. Daughters of peers who marry below the rank
of baron retain their rank, but if they marry a baron they rank as the wife of
a baron. Daughters of sons of peers were first granted precedence in tables
drawn on order of the Earl Marshal in 1763 and in 1812.
The case of divorces in the royal family is special: letters patent of
28 Aug 1996 specify that the "style, title or attribute of Royal
Highness" acquired by marriage is lost upon divorce, but I do not know if
anything is said about precedence.
This is substantially the same as the list in
Squibb given below, with the difference that Squibb did not list all
possible categories (he omitted categories of the royal family who did not
exist in 1981, like grandchildren of the sovereign). I also try to cite the
authorities that he gives for the ranks, which are scattered through the text
of his book.
Out of curiosity, I have given some names of office-holders as I was
able to find them. They are valid roughly as of early 2001. (See the full list of HM's government (2 Feb 2001), senior judiciary list (April 2001)).
|
Rank or Office
|
Present Holder
|
Authority
|
Remarks
|
|
Sovereign
|
Queen Elizabeth II
|
Queen Regent's Prerogative Act 1554
|
|
|
|
HRH the Duke of Edinburgh
|
warrant 15 Sep 1952
|
except in Parliament
|
|
Sovereign's sons
|
HRH the Prince of Wales
HRH the Duke of York HRH the Earl of Wessex |
Precedence Act 1539
|
|
|
Sovereign's grandsons
|
HRH Prince William of Wales
HRH Prince Henry of Wales |
13 Dec 1726, practice
|
|
|
Sovereign's brothers
|
(none)
|
Precedence Act 1539
|
|
|
Sovereign's uncles
|
(none living)
|
Precedence Act 1539
|
|
|
Sovereign's nephews
|
Viscount Linley
|
Precedence Act 1539
|
|
|
grandsons of former sovereigns
who are dukes |
HRH the Duke of Gloucester
HRH the Duke of Kent |
precedent 1850
|
|
|
grandsons of former sovereigns
who are not dukes |
HRH Prince Michael of Kent
|
practice
|
|
|
Vicegerent in Spirituals
|
(vacant since 1540)
|
|
|
|
Archbishop of Canterbury
|
Rt Rev George Carey
|
Precedence Act 1539
|
|
|
Lord Chancellor
|
Rt Hon Lord Irvine of Lairg
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10), custom
|
except in Parliament (s.4,8)
|
|
Archbishop of York
|
Rt Rev David Hope
|
Precedence Act 1539
|
|
|
Prime Minister
|
Rt Hon Tony Blair MP
|
warrant 10 Dec 1905
|
|
|
Lord High Treasurer
|
(in commission since 1714)
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.4,8)
|
|
Lord President of the Council
|
Rt Hon Margaret Beckett MP
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.4,8)
|
|
Speaker of the House of Commons
|
Rt Hon Michael Martin MP
|
Order in Council 30 May 1919
|
|
|
Lord Privy Seal
|
Rt Hon Baroness Jay of Paddington
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.4,8)
|
|
Ambassadors and High Commissioners
of Commonwealth countries |
|
warrant 24 Dec 1948
|
|
|
Lord Great Chamberlain
|
Marquess of Cholmondeley, deputy
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.5)
|
|
Lord High Constable
|
(vacant since 1521)
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.5)
|
|
Earl Marshal
|
His Grace the Duke of Norfolk
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.5)
|
|
Lord High Admiral
|
(in commission since 1828)
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.5)
|
|
Lord Steward of the Household
|
Viscount Ridley, KG, GCVO, TD
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.5)
|
|
Lord Chamberlain
|
Rt Hon Lord Luce DL
|
Precedence Act 1539 (s.10)
|
except in Parliament (s.5)
|
|
Master of the Horse
|
Lord Somerleyton, KCVO
|
warrant 6 May 1907
|
|
|
Royal Dukes not grandsons of sovereign
|
|
Lord Chamberlain's Order 1595
|
except in Parliament
|
|
Dukes of England
|
|
|
|
|
Dukes of Scotland
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Dukes of Great Britain
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Dukes of Ireland
created before 1801 |
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Dukes of the UK and of Ireland
created after 1801 |
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Eldest sons of Dukes of the blood royal
|
Earl of Ulster
Earl of St. Andrews |
|
|
|
Marquesses of England
|
|
|
|
|
Marquesses of Scotland
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Marquesses of Great Britain
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Marquesses of Ireland created before 1801
|
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Marquesses of the UK and of Ireland
created after 1801 |
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Eldest sons of Dukes
not of the Blood Royal |
|
|
|
|
Earls of England
|
|
|
|
|
Earls of Scotland
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Earls of Great Britain
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Earls of Ireland created before 1801
|
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Earls of the United Kingdom and
Earls of Ireland created after 1801 |
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Younger sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal
|
Lord Nicholas Windsor
|
|
|
|
Eldest Sons of Marquesses
|
|
|
|
|
Younger sons of Dukes
not of the Blood Royal |
|
|
|
|
Viscounts of England
|
|
|
|
|
Viscounts of Scotland
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Viscounts of Great Britain
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Viscounts of Ireland created before 1801
|
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Viscounts of the United Kingdom and
Viscounts of Ireland created after 1800 |
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Eldest sons of Earls
|
|
|
|
|
Younger sons of Marquesses
|
including Lord Frederick Windsor
|
|
|
|
Bishop of London
|
|
Precedence Act 1539, s.3
|
|
|
Bishop of Durham
|
|
Precedence Act 1539, s.3
|
|
|
Bishop of Winchester
|
|
Precedence Act 1539, s.3
|
|
|
|
Precedence Act 1539, s.3
|
21 bishops
|
|
|
Suffragan and retired Bishops
|
|
Suffragan Bishops Act 1534, s.2
|
|
|
Secretary of State, if a baron
|
|
Precedence Act 1539, s.5
|
|
|
Barons of England
|
|
|
|
|
Barons of Scotland
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Barons of Great Britain
|
|
Act of Union 1706, art. 23
|
|
|
Barons of Ireland created
before 1801
|
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Barons of the United
Kingdom,
Barons of Ireland created since 1800, Lords of Appeal in Ordinary and Life Peers according to their dates of appointment or creation |
|
Act of Union 1800, art. 4
|
|
|
Commissioners of the Great
Seal
|
(none except briefly since
1850)
|
|
|
|
Treasurer of the Household
|
Rt Hon Keith Bradley MP
|
warrant March 1540
|
|
|
Comptroller of the Household
|
Thomas McAvoy MP
|
warrant March 1540
|
|
|
Vice-Chamberlain of the
Household
|
Graham Allen MP
|
warrant March 1540
|
|
|
Secretary of State, if under
the degree of a baron
|
|
warrant March 1540
|
|
|
Eldest sons of Viscounts
|
|
Lord Chamberlain's Order 1595
|
|
|
Younger sons of Earls
|
|
royal decision 1620
|
|
|
Eldest sons of Barons
|
|
|
|
|
Knights of the Garter
|
|
|
|
|
Knights of the Thistle
|
|
|
|
|
Knights of St Patrick
|
none since 1974
|
|
|
|
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612
|
||
|
Chancellor of the Order of the Garter
|
decree
of the chapter of the order, 23 Apr 1629
|
|
|
|
Chancellor
of the Exchequer
|
Rt
Hon Gordon Brown MP
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612
|
|
|
Chancellor
of the Duchy of Lancaster
|
Rt
Hon Dr Mo Mowlam MP
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612, Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, s.11
|
ranks
as a Privy Councillor
|
|
Lord
Chief Justice of England
|
Rt
Hon The Lord Woolf
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612, Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, s.11
|
ranks
as life peer
|
|
Master
of the Rolls
|
Lord
Phillips of Worth Matravers
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612
|
|
|
President
of the Family Division
of the High Court |
Dame
Elizabeth Butler-Sloss
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612, Supreme Court of Judicature Consolidation Act 1925
s.16(2)
|
|
|
Rt
Hon Lord/Lady Justice ...
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612, Supreme Court of Judicature Consolidation Act 1925
s.16(3)
|
|
|
|
Judges
of the High Court in order of appointment, irrespective of the Divisions to
which they are assigned
|
The
Hon Justice ...
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612, Supreme Court of Judicature Consolidation Act 1925
s.16(4)
|
|
|
Younger
sons of Viscounts
|
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612
|
|
|
Younger
sons of Barons and sons of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, Life Peers and Life
Peeresses
|
|
warrant
21 July 1958
|
|
|
Baronets
|
|
letters
patent 28 May 1612
|
|
|
Knights
Grand Cross
of the Order of the Bath |
|
Earl
Marshal's Order 4 Feb 1626, Statutes of the Order of the Bath 1725, 1815,
1847, 1972
|
|
|
Knights
Grand Commanders
of the Order of the Star of India |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Grand Cross
of the Order of St Michael and St George |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Grand Commanders
of the Order of the Indian Empire |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Grand Cross
of the Royal Victorian Order |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Grand Cross
of the Order of the British Empire |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Commanders
of the Order of the Bath |
|
Statutes
of the Order of the Bath 1972
|
|
|
Knights
Commanders
of the Order of the Star of India |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Commanders
of the Order of St Michael and St George |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Commanders
of the Order of the Indian Empire |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Commanders
of the Royal Victorian Order |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Commanders
of the Order of the British Empire |
|
|
|
|
Knights
Bachelors
|
|
|
|
|
Vice-Chancellor
of the County Palatine of Lancaster |
|
warrant
29 March 1972
|
|
|
Recorder
of London
|
|
warrant
29 March 1972
|
|
|
Recorders
of Liverpool and Manchester
(by priority of appointment) |
|
warrant
29 March 1972
|
|
|
Common
Serjeant
|
|
warrant
29 March 1972
|
|
|
Other
Circuit judges according to the
(by priority or order of their respective appointments) |
|
warrant
29 March 1972
|
|
|
Master
of the Court of Protection
|
Denzil
Lush
|
precedents,
8 & 9 Vict c.100, Patients Estates Order 1947
|
|
|
Companions
of the Order
of the Bath |
|
Statutes
of the Order of the Bath 1815
|
|
|
Companions
of the Order
of the Star of India |
|
|
|
|
Companions
of the Order
of St Michael and St George |
|
|
|
|
Companions
of the Order
of the Indian Empire |
|
|
|
|
Commanders
of the Royal Victorian Order |
|
Statutes
of the Royal Victorian Order
|
|
|
Commanders
of the Order of the British Empire |
|
Statutes
of the Order of the British Empire
|
|
|
Companions
of the Distinguished Service Order |
|
|
|
|
Members
of the
Royal Victorian Order (4th class) |
|
Statutes
of the Royal Victorian Order
|
|
|
Officers
of the
Order of the British Empire |
|
Statutes
of the Order of the British Empire
|
|
|
Companions
of the
Imperial Service Order |
|
|
|
|
Eldest
sons of the younger sons of Peers
|
|
Earl
Marshal 18 March 1615, 1677
|
|
|
Eldest
sons of Baronets
|
|
letters
patents creating baronets
|
|
|
Eldest
sons of Knights
|
|
|
|
|
Members
of the
Royal Victorian Order (5th class) |
|
Statutes
of the Royal Victorian Order
|
|
|
Members
of the
Order of the British Empire |
|
Statutes
of the Order of the British Empire
|
|
|
Younger
sons of Baronets
|
|
letters
patents creating baronets
|
|
|
Younger
sons of Knights
|
|
|
|
Source: Squibb,
op. cit., Appendix I, p. 99-101.
The
text of the Order survives in its amended form in a copy of a paper lent to
Richard Lee, Clarenceux King of Arms, on 17 January 1595 by Lord Treasurer
Burghley, one of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the precedence of
'personages of great Estate birth and callinge.' A note in the
handwriting of Ralph Brooke, York Herald, states that he saw Burleigh deliver
the paper to Lee (Coll. Arm. MS R.36, Hare I, po. 181). The preamble
stating the circumstances in which the Order was drawn up must have been
prepared after 28 January 1547, since it describes Henry VIII as 'of glorious
memory.'
On Mondaye in
the Easter Weeke in the xjth yere of the raigne of King Henry the Eyght of
glorious memory the Earle of Worcester then beynge Chamberlayne to the Kinge,
dyned in the Greate Chamber att Richmont in his Roome and Mons. de la Batye
Ambassador to the ffrenche kinge dyned with him sittinge directly on the over
syde against the sayde Lord Chamberlayne, The Ambassador of Venyce, sittinge
next unto the L. Chamberlayne on the insyde, The Earle of Westmorland on the
over syde next to the ffrench Ambassador. The Earle of Ketitt on the insyde
next to the Ambassador of Venyce. The Earle of Devonshire on the owtesyde next
unto the Earle of Westmerlande. At whiche tyme order was taken for the placynge
of Lordes and Ladyes as hereunder is sett downe.
1.—Firste the
Duke to goo after his Creation, and the Duches his wyfe to goo after the same.
2 Item.—A Dukes
eldiste son is borne a Marquis, savinge he shall goo beneath all Marquisses,
and his wyfe beneath all Marquisses wyves, and above all Dukes daughters.
3 Item.—Dukes
daughters be borne as Marquisses in all degrees, savinge they shall goo
beneathe all Marquisses and Dukes eldiste sonns Wyves. And yf they be married
to a Baron, they shall goo after the Estate of their housbands. And if they
marye with a Knight, or under the degree of a Knight, then to go after ther
birth.
4 Item.—Dukes
younger sonns be borne as Earles, and shall goo above all Viscounts, and beneath
all the eldiste sonns of Marquisses, and ther wyves to go accordynge to the
same.
5 Item.—A
Marquis to goo after his Creation and the Marquisses ther Wyves to goo after
the same.
6 Item.—A
Marques eldiste soñe is borne an Earle and shall goo above all Dukes younger
sonns and above all Viscounts and their Wyves accordinge to the same.
7 Item.—All
Marquisses daughters to be borne as Countisses and shall goo above all Dukes
younger sonns Wyves and above all Viscountisses, and yf they be maried to a baron
they shall goo after ther housbande, and yf thay be maried to a Knight, or
under the degree of a Knight, thay shall goo accordinge to ther byrthe.
8 Item.—All
Marquisses younger sonns to be borne as Barons and shall goo beneath all barons
and above all Viscounts eldist sonns, and ther Wyves to goo accordinge to the
same.
9 Item.—An
Earle to goo after his Creation and the Countisses their Wyves to goo after the
same.
10 Item.—An
Earles eldiste sonne is borne as a Viscounte savinge he shall goo beneath all
Viscounts and his Wyfe beneath all Viscountisses and above all other Earles
daughters.
11 Item.
—Earles daughters are borne as Viscounts savinge thay shall goo beneath all
Viscountisses and the Earles eldist sonns wyves and yf thay be maried to a baron
thay shall goo after the degree of ther housbande. And yf thay marle with a
Knight or under the degree ofa Knight thay shall goo after theire birthe.
12 Item.
—Earles younger sonnes be borne as barons sayinge thay shall goo beneath all
barons and Viscounts eldiste sonns and above all Baronetts [i.e. bannerets]
and their Wyves to goo beneath all baronesses and Viscounts daughters and above
all Baronetts Wyves.
13 Item. —A
Viscount to goo after his Creation and the Viscountes theire wyves after the
same.
14 Item.
—Viscounts eldiste sonns be borne as barons and shall goo as Barons savinge
thay shall goo beneath all Barons all Marquisses younger sonns and above all
Earls younger sonns and their wyves shall goo beneath all baronnesses and above
all Viscounts daughters.
15
Item.—Viscounts daughters be borne as Baronesses savinge they shall goo beneath
all Baronesses and Viscounts eldist sonns wyves, and yf they be maried to a
Baron thay shall goo after the degree of their housbandes and yf they marye a
Knighte or under the degree of a Knighte thay shall goo after theire byrthes.
16 Item.—All
Viscounts younger sonns as Baronetts [i.e. bannerets] and shall goo as
Baneretts savinge thay shall goo beneath all Baneretts and theire wyves to goo
accordinge to the same.
17 Item.—A
Baron to goo after his Creation and the Barronesses their wyves to go after the
same.
18 Item.—Barons
eldiste sonns be borne as Banerets and shall goo as Baneretts savinge they
shall goo above all Baronetts [i.e. bannerets] and all Barons younger
sonns to goo above all Batchler Knights because their ffather is a Piere of the
Realme.
19 Item.—[This was set downe & ordered
by the 3 Lo. Comyssioners for these purpoises, 1595.] All Barons
daughters to goo above all Baneretts wyves and Batchler Knightes Wyves so
longe as thay be unmaryed and yf thay marie under degree of a Knight thay
shall then goo beneath above all Knights
wyves according to ther Birth and Estate.
20 Item. —Yf
there be any of the degree above written come of the blood Royall or be any
kynne to the Kinges highnes thay ought to stance above the degrees that they be
of themselves, as a Duke above all other Dukes and so foorthe all the degrees
in lyke sorte unlesse the pleasure of the Prince be to the contrarye.
Source:
Squibb , op. cit., Appendix IV, pp.119-125.
The
Queen
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
The Prince of Wales
The Queen's Younger Sons
Dukes of the Blood Royal
Prince Michael of Kent
Vicegerent in Spirituals (vacant since 1540)
Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Chancellors
Archbishop of York
Prime Minister
Lord High Treasurer (in commission since 1714)
Lord President of the Council
Speaker of the House of Commons
Lord Privy Seal
Ambassadors and High Commissioners in order of seniority based on dates of arrival in the United Kingdom
Lord Great Chamberlain
Lord High Constable (vacant since 1521)
Earl Marshal
Lord High Admiral (in commission since 1828)
Lord Steward of the Household
Lord Chamberlain
Master of the Horse
[Successors of Dukes of the Blood Royal]
Dukes of England
Dukes of Scotland
Dukes of Great Britain
Dukes of Ireland created before 1801 (only the duke of Leinster)
Dukes of the United Kingdom and Dukes of Ireland created after 1800 (only the duke of Abercorn)
Eldest sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal
Marquesses of England
Marquesses of Scotland
Marquesses of Great Britain
Marquesses of Ireland created before 1801
Marquesses of the United Kingdom and Marquesses of Ireland created after 1800
Eldest sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Earls of England
Earls of Scotland
Earls of Great Britain
Earls of Ireland created before 1801
Earls of the United Kingdom and Earls of Ireland created after 1800
Younger sons Dukes of the Blood Royal
Eldest Sons of Marquesses
Younger sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Viscounts of England
Viscounts of Scotland
Viscounts of Great Britain
Viscounts of Ireland created before 1801
Viscounts of the United Kingdom and Viscounts of Ireland created after 1800
Eldest sons of Earls
Younger sons of Marquesses
Bishop of London
Bishop of Durham
Bishop of Winchester
Other English Diocesan Bishops according to their seniority of consecration
Suffragan and retired Bishops
Secretary of State, if a baron
Barons of England
Barons of Scotland
Barons of Great Britain
Barons of Ireland created before 1801
Barons of the United Kingdom, Barons of Ireland created since 1800,
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary and Life Peers according to their dates of appointment or creation
Commissioners of the Great Seal (none except briefly since 1850)
Treasurer of the Household
Comptroller of the Household
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
Secretary of State, if under the degree of a baron
Eldest sons of Viscounts
Younger sons of Earls
Eldest sons of Barons
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Thistle
Knights of St Patrick
Privy Councillors
Chancellor of the Order of the Garter (office annexed to the bishopric of Oxford since 1837)
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Lord Chief Justice of England (usually ranks as a PC)
Master of the Rolls (usually ranks as a PC)
President of the Family Division of the High Court (usually ranks as a PC)
Lords Justices of Appeal (usually ranks as a PC)
Judges of the High Court in order of appointment, irrespective of the Divisions to which they are assigned
Younger sons of Viscounts
Younger sons of Barons and sons of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary,
Life Peers and Life Peeresses
Baronets
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commanders of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Commanders of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelors
Vice-Chancellor of the County Palatine of Lancaster
Recorder of London
Recorders of Liverpool and Manchester according to priority of appointment
Common Serjeant
Other Circuit judges according to the priority or order of their respective appointments
Master of the Court of Protection
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of the Star of India
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Imperial Service Order
Eldest sons of the younger sons of Peers
Eldest sons of Baronets
Eldest sons of Knights
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (5th class)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Younger sons of Baronets
Younger sons of Knights
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
The Prince of Wales
The Queen's Younger Sons
Dukes of the Blood Royal
Prince Michael of Kent
Vicegerent in Spirituals (vacant since 1540)
Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Chancellors
Archbishop of York
Prime Minister
Lord High Treasurer (in commission since 1714)
Lord President of the Council
Speaker of the House of Commons
Lord Privy Seal
Ambassadors and High Commissioners in order of seniority based on dates of arrival in the United Kingdom
Lord Great Chamberlain
Lord High Constable (vacant since 1521)
Earl Marshal
Lord High Admiral (in commission since 1828)
Lord Steward of the Household
Lord Chamberlain
Master of the Horse
[Successors of Dukes of the Blood Royal]
Dukes of England
Dukes of Scotland
Dukes of Great Britain
Dukes of Ireland created before 1801 (only the duke of Leinster)
Dukes of the United Kingdom and Dukes of Ireland created after 1800 (only the duke of Abercorn)
Eldest sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal
Marquesses of England
Marquesses of Scotland
Marquesses of Great Britain
Marquesses of Ireland created before 1801
Marquesses of the United Kingdom and Marquesses of Ireland created after 1800
Eldest sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Earls of England
Earls of Scotland
Earls of Great Britain
Earls of Ireland created before 1801
Earls of the United Kingdom and Earls of Ireland created after 1800
Younger sons Dukes of the Blood Royal
Eldest Sons of Marquesses
Younger sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Viscounts of England
Viscounts of Scotland
Viscounts of Great Britain
Viscounts of Ireland created before 1801
Viscounts of the United Kingdom and Viscounts of Ireland created after 1800
Eldest sons of Earls
Younger sons of Marquesses
Bishop of London
Bishop of Durham
Bishop of Winchester
Other English Diocesan Bishops according to their seniority of consecration
Suffragan and retired Bishops
Secretary of State, if a baron
Barons of England
Barons of Scotland
Barons of Great Britain
Barons of Ireland created before 1801
Barons of the United Kingdom, Barons of Ireland created since 1800,
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary and Life Peers according to their dates of appointment or creation
Commissioners of the Great Seal (none except briefly since 1850)
Treasurer of the Household
Comptroller of the Household
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
Secretary of State, if under the degree of a baron
Eldest sons of Viscounts
Younger sons of Earls
Eldest sons of Barons
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Thistle
Knights of St Patrick
Privy Councillors
Chancellor of the Order of the Garter (office annexed to the bishopric of Oxford since 1837)
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Lord Chief Justice of England (usually ranks as a PC)
Master of the Rolls (usually ranks as a PC)
President of the Family Division of the High Court (usually ranks as a PC)
Lords Justices of Appeal (usually ranks as a PC)
Judges of the High Court in order of appointment, irrespective of the Divisions to which they are assigned
Younger sons of Viscounts
Younger sons of Barons and sons of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary,
Life Peers and Life Peeresses
Baronets
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commanders of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Commanders of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelors
Vice-Chancellor of the County Palatine of Lancaster
Recorder of London
Recorders of Liverpool and Manchester according to priority of appointment
Common Serjeant
Other Circuit judges according to the priority or order of their respective appointments
Master of the Court of Protection
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of the Star of India
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Imperial Service Order
Eldest sons of the younger sons of Peers
Eldest sons of Baronets
Eldest sons of Knights
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (5th class)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Younger sons of Baronets
Younger sons of Knights
WOMEN
The Queen
Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother
The Queen's Daughter
The Queen's Sister
Wives of Dukes of the Blood Royal
the Princess Alexandra of Kent, the Hon. Mrs Angus Ogilvy
Duchesses of England
Duchesses of Scotland
Duchesses of Great Britain
Duchess of Leinster
Duchess of the United Kingdom and the Duchess of Abercorn
Wives of the eldest sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal
Daughters of Dukes of the Blood Royal
Marchionesses of England
Marchionesses of Scotland
Marchionesses of Great Britain
Marchionesses of Ireland created before 1801
Marchionesses of the United Kingdom and Marchionesses of Ireland created after 1800
Wives of the eldest sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Daughters of' Dukes not of the Blood Royal not married to Peers
Countesses of England
Countesses of Scotland
Countesses of Great Britain
Countesses of Ireland created before 1801
Countesses of the United Kingdom and Countesses of Ireland created after 1800
Wives of the younger sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal 22
Wives of the eldest sons of Marquesses
Daughters of Marquesses not married to Peers
Wives of the younger sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Viscountesses of England
Viscountesses of Scotland
Viscountesses of Great Britain
Viscountesses of Ireland created before 1801
Viscountesses of the United Kingdom and Viscountesses of Ireland created after 1800
Wives of the eldest sons of Earls
Daughters of Earls not married to Peers
Wives of younger sons of Marqusses
Baronesses of England
Baronesses of Scotland
Baronesses of Great Britain
Baronesses of Ireland created before 1801
Baronesses of the United Kingdom, Baronesses of Ireland created after 1800, Life Peeresses, Wives of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and Wives of Life Peers
Wives of the eldest sons of Viscounts
Daughters of Viscounts no married to Peers
Wives of the younger sons of Earls
Wives of the eldest sons of Barons
Daughters of Barons,. Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, Life Peers, and Life Peeresses not married to Peers
Maids of Honour
Wives of Knights of the Garter
Wives of the younger sons of Viscounts
Wives of the younger sons of Barons
Wives of Baronets
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Wives of Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Wives of Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Dames Commanders of the Order of the Bath
Dames Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Dames Commanders of the Order of St Michael and St George
Dames Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Dames Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Dames Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Knights Bachelors
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Companions and Commanders of the Orders of the Bath, the Star of India, St Michael and St George, and the Indian Empire, the Royal Victorian Order, and the British Empire
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Wives Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Wives of Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Wives of Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Imperial Service Order
Wives of the eldest sons of the younger sons of Peers
Daughters of the younger sons of Peers
Wives of the eldest sons of Baronets
Wives of the eldest sons of Knights
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (5th class)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Members of the Royal Victorian Order (5th class)
Wives of Members of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of younger sons of Baronets
Wives of younger sons of Knights
Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother
The Queen's Daughter
The Queen's Sister
Wives of Dukes of the Blood Royal
the Princess Alexandra of Kent, the Hon. Mrs Angus Ogilvy
Duchesses of England
Duchesses of Scotland
Duchesses of Great Britain
Duchess of Leinster
Duchess of the United Kingdom and the Duchess of Abercorn
Wives of the eldest sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal
Daughters of Dukes of the Blood Royal
Marchionesses of England
Marchionesses of Scotland
Marchionesses of Great Britain
Marchionesses of Ireland created before 1801
Marchionesses of the United Kingdom and Marchionesses of Ireland created after 1800
Wives of the eldest sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Daughters of' Dukes not of the Blood Royal not married to Peers
Countesses of England
Countesses of Scotland
Countesses of Great Britain
Countesses of Ireland created before 1801
Countesses of the United Kingdom and Countesses of Ireland created after 1800
Wives of the younger sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal 22
Wives of the eldest sons of Marquesses
Daughters of Marquesses not married to Peers
Wives of the younger sons of Dukes not of the Blood Royal
Viscountesses of England
Viscountesses of Scotland
Viscountesses of Great Britain
Viscountesses of Ireland created before 1801
Viscountesses of the United Kingdom and Viscountesses of Ireland created after 1800
Wives of the eldest sons of Earls
Daughters of Earls not married to Peers
Wives of younger sons of Marqusses
Baronesses of England
Baronesses of Scotland
Baronesses of Great Britain
Baronesses of Ireland created before 1801
Baronesses of the United Kingdom, Baronesses of Ireland created after 1800, Life Peeresses, Wives of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and Wives of Life Peers
Wives of the eldest sons of Viscounts
Daughters of Viscounts no married to Peers
Wives of the younger sons of Earls
Wives of the eldest sons of Barons
Daughters of Barons,. Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, Life Peers, and Life Peeresses not married to Peers
Maids of Honour
Wives of Knights of the Garter
Wives of the younger sons of Viscounts
Wives of the younger sons of Barons
Wives of Baronets
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Wives of Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Wives of Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Wives of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Dames Commanders of the Order of the Bath
Dames Commanders of the Order of the Star of India
Dames Commanders of the Order of St Michael and St George
Dames Commanders of the Order of the Indian Empire
Dames Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Dames Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Knights Bachelors
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Companions and Commanders of the Orders of the Bath, the Star of India, St Michael and St George, and the Indian Empire, the Royal Victorian Order, and the British Empire
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Wives Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Wives of Members of the Royal Victorian Order (4th class)
Wives of Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Imperial Service Order
Wives of the eldest sons of the younger sons of Peers
Daughters of the younger sons of Peers
Wives of the eldest sons of Baronets
Wives of the eldest sons of Knights
Members of the Royal Victorian Order (5th class)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of Members of the Royal Victorian Order (5th class)
Wives of Members of the Order of the British Empire
Wives of younger sons of Baronets
Wives of younger sons of Knights
Forms of Address
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Men
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Women
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dukes
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His Grace the Duke of N
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duchesses
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Her Grace the Duchess of N
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marquesses
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The Most Hon the Marquess of N
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marquesses
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The Most Hon the Marchioness of
N
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dukes' eldest sons
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The Most Hon the Marquess of N
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wives of dukes' eldest sons
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The Most Hon the Marchioness of
N
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|
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daughters of dukes
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The Lady Julia Smith
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earls
|
The Right Hon the Earl of N
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countesses
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The Right Hon the Countess N
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marquesses' eldest sons
|
The Right Hon the Earl of N
|
wives of marquesses' eldest
sons
|
The Right Hon the Countess N
|
|
|
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daughters of marquesses
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The Lady Julia Smith
|
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dukes' younger sons
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The Lord John Smith
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wives of dukes' younger sons
|
The Lady John Smith
|
|
viscounts
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The Right Hon the Viscount N
|
viscountesses
|
The Right Hon the Viscountess N
|
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earls' eldest sons
|
The Right Hon the Viscount N
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wives of earls' eldest sons
|
The Right Hon the Viscountess N
|
|
|
|
daughters of earls
|
The Lady Julia Smith
|
|
barons
|
The Right Hon Lord N
|
baronesses
|
The Right Hon Lady N
|
|
marquesses' younger sons
|
The Lord John Smith
|
wives of marquesses' younger
sons
|
The Lady John Smith
|
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viscounts' eldest sons
|
The Hon John Smith
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wives of viscounts' eldest sons
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The Hon Mrs. John Smith
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daughters of viscounts
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The Hon Julia Smith
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earls' younger sons
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The Hon John Smith
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wives of earls' younger sons
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The Hon Mrs. John Smith
|
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barons' eldest sons
|
The Hon John Smith
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(wives of barons' eldest sons)
|
The Hon Mrs Smith
|
|
|
|
daughters of barons
|
The Hon Julia Smith
|
|
knights of collar orders
|
Sir John Smith
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wives of knights of collar
orders
|
Lady Smith
|
|
viscounts' younger sons
|
The Hon John Smith
|
wives of viscounts' younger
sons
|
The Hon Mrs. John Smith
|
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barons' younger sons
|
The Hon John Smith
|
|
The Hon Mrs. John Smith
|
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baronets
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Sir John Smith, Bt
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wives of baronets
|
Lady Smith
|
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knights grand-cross, commander
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Sir John Smith
|
wives of knights GC, KC
|
Lady Smith
|
|
knights bachelor
|
Sir John Smith
|
wives of knights bachelor
|
Lady Smith
|
|
grandchildren of peers
|
Mr. Smith
|
|
Mrs. Smith
|
|
baronets' eldest sons
|
Mr. Smith
|
|
Mrs. Smith
|
|
knights' eldest sons
|
Mr. Smith
|
wives of knights' eldest sons
|
Mrs. Smith
|
|
baronets' younger sons
|
Mr. Smith
|
|
Mrs. Smith
|
|
knights' younger sons
|
Mr. Smith
|
wives of knights' younger sons
|
Mrs. Smith
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